Iowa, while known for its cornfields and rolling hills, also boasts a surprisingly diverse population of snakes. Understanding these snakes is crucial for both safety and appreciating the ecological role they play in the state's ecosystem. This guide will explore the various snake species found in Iowa, addressing common concerns and misconceptions.
How many snake species are in Iowa?
Iowa is home to a relatively modest number of snake species compared to states with more varied habitats. There are approximately 18 species of snakes that have been confirmed within the state's boundaries. However, the exact number can fluctuate based on ongoing research and sightings.
What are the most common snakes in Iowa?
Several species are frequently encountered by Iowans. These include:
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Northern Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon): This is arguably the most common snake in Iowa. They are semi-aquatic, often found near rivers, lakes, and marshes. They are non-venomous and play a vital role in controlling rodent populations. They are often mistaken for venomous cottonmouths, but lack the distinct dark markings and triangular head shape.
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Garter Snakes (Thamnophis spp.): Several species of garter snake inhabit Iowa, including the common garter snake and the plains garter snake. These slender, often brightly colored snakes are non-venomous and feed primarily on earthworms, amphibians, and small fish.
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Western Fox Snake (Pantherophis vulpinus): This large, non-venomous snake is known for its attractive pattern and docile nature. They are primarily found in grassland and prairie habitats.
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Racer (Coluber constrictor): Racers are swift, slender snakes that are usually a uniform gray, brown, or black. They are non-venomous and are active hunters of small rodents, lizards, and other snakes.
Are there any venomous snakes in Iowa?
Yes, but they are relatively rare and pose minimal threat if you exercise caution. The only venomous snake found in Iowa is the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus). This rattlesnake is endangered in Iowa and is rarely encountered. It prefers wetlands and prairies. While venomous, it is not aggressive and will typically only strike if threatened or cornered.
How can I identify a Massasauga Rattlesnake?
Identifying a Massasauga requires careful observation. Key features include:
- Rattles: The defining characteristic of this rattlesnake.
- Heavier build: Compared to other snakes in Iowa, they are stockier.
- Dark brown or black markings: They have distinct dark brown or black crossbands on a lighter background.
- Small size: They are generally smaller than other rattlesnake species.
If you encounter a snake you believe to be a Massasauga Rattlesnake, observe it from a safe distance and do not attempt to approach or handle it. Contact your local wildlife agency if you have concerns about its presence.
What should I do if I see a snake in Iowa?
Most snakes in Iowa are harmless and beneficial. However, it's wise to follow these guidelines:
- Observe from a distance: Admire the snake from a safe distance without disturbing it.
- Do not attempt to handle: Even non-venomous snakes can bite if they feel threatened.
- Give it space: Allow the snake to move away on its own.
- Educate yourself: Learning to identify different snakes helps reduce fear and unnecessary encounters.
What are some common myths about Iowa snakes?
Many misconceptions surround Iowa snakes. The most prevalent include:
- All snakes are dangerous: The vast majority of snakes in Iowa are non-venomous.
- Killing a snake is necessary: Snakes play an essential role in the ecosystem. Unnecessary killing disrupts the natural balance.
- Snakes are always aggressive: Most snakes would prefer to avoid humans. Aggressive behavior is usually a defensive response.
By understanding the snakes that inhabit Iowa, we can foster coexistence and appreciate the important role they play in the state's biodiversity. Remember to respect their space and appreciate the beauty of these often misunderstood creatures.
