Many people dread the thought of wisdom teeth removal, but the question often arises: what actually happens if you choose not to have them extracted? The answer isn't straightforward, as the consequences vary greatly depending on individual circumstances, including the position and development of the teeth. However, some common problems are frequently associated with impacted or partially erupted wisdom teeth.
What are Impacted Wisdom Teeth?
Before we explore the potential issues, let's clarify what "impacted" means. Impacted wisdom teeth are those that haven't fully erupted through the gums. They may be completely buried beneath the gum tissue, partially visible, or angled against neighboring teeth. This impaction is a key factor determining the potential for problems.
What are the Potential Problems of Leaving Wisdom Teeth in Place?
Several issues can arise from leaving your wisdom teeth in place, ranging from minor discomfort to serious health problems. These include:
1. Pain and Infection:
This is perhaps the most common consequence. Partially erupted wisdom teeth can trap food particles and bacteria, leading to:
- Pericoronitis: Inflammation of the gum tissue around a partially erupted wisdom tooth. This can cause swelling, pain, and even infection. Regular cleaning is difficult, increasing the risk.
- Abscess: A pocket of pus that forms due to infection. This can be extremely painful and require antibiotics or even surgical drainage.
2. Damage to Adjacent Teeth:
Impacted wisdom teeth can push against neighboring molars, causing:
- Crowding: Shifting of teeth, potentially affecting your bite and causing misalignment.
- Cavities: Difficulty cleaning around the impacted tooth increases the risk of cavities in adjacent molars.
- Gum Disease: The pressure and inflammation can contribute to gum disease (periodontitis).
3. Cysts and Tumors:
In some cases, impacted wisdom teeth can develop:
- Dentigerous cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that form around the crown of an impacted wisdom tooth. These cysts can grow large, damaging the jawbone and roots of adjacent teeth.
- Odontomas: Benign tumors that can develop from the tooth structure.
4. Jawbone Damage:
The pressure from an impacted wisdom tooth can also damage the jawbone. This might not be immediately noticeable but can lead to long-term problems.
5. Sinus Problems (Upper Wisdom Teeth):
Upper wisdom teeth's roots are close to the sinuses. Impaction can lead to sinus issues such as pain, infections, and pressure.
How Often Do Problems Arise with Wisdom Teeth?
It's impossible to predict with certainty whether you'll experience problems. Some people have wisdom teeth that erupt without incident and remain healthy throughout their lives. However, the risk of complications increases significantly if the teeth are impacted or partially erupted. A dental professional can assess your individual risk through an examination and potentially X-rays.
When Should You Consider Wisdom Teeth Removal?
The decision to remove wisdom teeth is typically made in consultation with a dentist or oral surgeon. Removal is often recommended if:
- The teeth are impacted or partially erupted.
- There's evidence of infection, pain, or damage to adjacent teeth.
- There's a risk of cyst or tumor development.
What are the Alternatives to Removal?
In some cases, if the wisdom teeth are fully erupted, well-positioned, and easily cleaned, your dentist might recommend monitoring them rather than immediate removal. However, this is less common and requires diligent oral hygiene.
Conclusion
The decision of whether or not to remove your wisdom teeth is a personal one, made in conjunction with your dentist. While some individuals experience no problems, the potential for pain, infection, and damage to other teeth is substantial, especially with impacted teeth. Regular dental checkups are crucial for early detection and intervention if complications arise. Ignoring the issue could lead to more extensive and costly treatments later.
