The Winchester Model 70 is a legendary rifle, and pre-64 versions are highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts alike. These rifles, manufactured before 1964, are known for their superior quality and craftsmanship. However, distinguishing a genuine pre-64 Model 70 from later models or counterfeits requires careful examination. This guide will walk you through the key features to look for.
What Makes a Pre-64 Winchester Model 70 Special?
Before diving into identification, let's understand why pre-64 Model 70s are so desirable. Winchester made significant changes to the rifle's design in 1964, primarily focusing on cost reduction. These changes, while making the rifle more affordable, also altered several key features that many consider inferior to the earlier models. Pre-64 rifles often exhibit:
- Higher-Quality Materials: Pre-64 models generally used better-quality steel and wood, resulting in a more robust and durable firearm.
- Superior Fit and Finish: The craftsmanship was meticulous, with tighter tolerances and more refined details.
- Controlled-Round Feed Action: This feature, essential to pre-64 models, ensured smooth feeding and ejection. Later models incorporated a different, less desirable system.
- Classic Styling: Many collectors appreciate the aesthetic appeal of the original design, which is often considered more elegant.
Key Features to Identify a Pre-64 Winchester Model 70
Several key features differentiate pre-64 Winchester Model 70s from their post-64 counterparts. Let's examine them in detail:
1. The Bolt: Controlled Round Feed vs. Mauser-Style Claw Extractor
This is perhaps the single most important distinguishing feature. Pre-64 Model 70s utilize a controlled round feed action. The bolt face completely encapsulates the cartridge during feeding, providing reliable feeding even with slightly misshapen cartridges. The extractor is integral to the bolt body. Post-64 models switched to a Mauser-style claw extractor. The cartridge is held in place only by the claw, leaving the cartridge's rim exposed, potentially leading to feeding issues. Carefully inspect the bolt face and extractor mechanism.
2. The Receiver Ring: One-Piece vs. Two-Piece
Pre-64 Model 70 receivers typically have a one-piece receiver ring. Post-64 models generally feature a two-piece receiver ring. This is a subtle but significant difference.
3. The Safety: Three-Position vs. Two-Position
Pre-64 Model 70s generally have a three-position safety: Safe, Fire, and Load. The later models often have a two-position safety: Safe and Fire.
4. The Serial Number: Pre-1964 Range
While the serial number itself doesn't definitively confirm a pre-64 Model 70, knowing the serial number range produced during that period can provide a strong indication. This information is readily available online through various Winchester collectors' resources and databases.
5. The Stock: Wood Quality and Checkering
Pre-64 stocks were usually made from higher-quality walnut with intricate checkering patterns. While not a definitive indicator, the quality of the wood and checkering can be a helpful clue.
6. The Markings: "Winchester Model 70" Stamping
Examine the markings on the receiver carefully. Pre-64 models will have the "Winchester Model 70" stamped on the receiver. Note the style and font of the markings; these details can help in determining the age and authenticity of the rifle.
How to Verify Authenticity: Beyond Visual Inspection
Visual inspection is crucial, but further verification might be needed. Consider these options:
Consulting with Experts: Gunsmiths and Appraisers
Experienced gunsmiths or firearms appraisers can provide expert opinions on the rifle's authenticity and age. Their knowledge and experience can significantly aid in accurate identification.
Researching Serial Numbers: Online Databases and Resources
Numerous online resources and databases cater to Winchester collectors. Searching for your rifle's serial number in these databases might provide valuable information about its manufacturing date and other relevant details.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Be cautious of fraudulent pre-64 Model 70s. Counterfeit rifles are sometimes presented as genuine pre-64 models. Thorough inspection and expert consultation are crucial to avoid being misled.
By carefully examining these key features and employing additional verification methods, you can significantly improve your chances of accurately identifying a pre-64 Winchester Model 70. Remember, patience and careful observation are essential. If you have any doubts, seeking professional advice is always recommended.
